Contents

xxiii

30

Feasibility and Economics of Biobutanol from Lignocellulosic

and Starchy Residues

457

Sandesh Kanthakere

30.1

Introduction

457

30.2

Opportunities and Future of Zero Waste Biobutanol

458

30.3

Generation of Lignocellulosic and Starchy Wastes

459

30.3.1

Types and Sources of Waste Generation

460

30.3.2

Composition of Lignocellulose and Starchy Residues

461

30.4

Value Added Products from Lignocellulose and Starchy Residues

462

30.4.1

Feasibility of Biobutanol Production from Lignocellulose and Starchy

Residues

463

30.4.2

Pretreatment

463

30.4.3

Economics of Biobutanol Production

465

30.5

Conclusion

468

References

468

31

Critical Issues That Can Underpin the Drive for Sustainable

Anaerobic Biorefinery

473

Spyridon Achinas

31.1

Introduction

473

31.2

Biogas – An Energy Vector

474

31.3

Anaerobic Biorefinery Approach

475

31.4

Technological Trends and Challenges in the Anaerobic Biorefinery

477

31.4.1

Pretreatment

477

31.4.2

Multistage AD Process

480

31.4.3

Dynamics of Methanogenic Communities

480

31.5

Perspectives Toward the Revitalization of the Anaerobic

Biorefineries

482

31.5.1

Reciprocity Between Research, Industry, and Government

482

31.5.2

Transition to the Biogas-based Green Economy

483

31.6

Conclusion

485

Conflict of Interest

485

References

485

32

Microbiology of Biogas Production from Food Waste: Current

Status, Challenges, and Future Needs

491

Vanajakshi Vasudeva, Inchara Crasta, and Sandeep N. Mudliar

32.1

Introduction

491

32.2

Fundamentals for Accomplishing National Biofuel Policy

492

32.3

Significances of Anaerobic Microbiology in Biogas Process

493

32.4

Microbiology and Physico-Chemical Process in AD

493

32.4.1

Hydrolysis and Acidogenesis

493

32.4.2

Acetogenesis

494

32.4.3

Methanogenesis and the Essential Microbial Consortia

495

32.5

Pretreatment

496